MARKERS FOR HEPATOCELLULAR DAMAGE AND AFFECTING THE BILIARY TRACT IN THE COURSE OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS IN DOGS

Lazarin Lazarov

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to determine the values of AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase as markers for hepatocellular damage and / or involvement of the biliary tract during acute pancreatitis (AP) in the dog. The studies were performed on 83 dogs with spontaneous acute pancreatitis divided into two groups, depending on the outcome of the disease, and 12 clinically healthy dogs, with experimentally induced acute pancreatitis by 2 different methods.

A statistically significant difference was observed in the values of the three studied parameters, both between the two spontaneous and between the two experimental groups of animals. The results suggest that severe pancreatic inflammatory conditions can lead to secondary liver toxicity and partial biliary obstruction.

Key words: pancreatitis, dog, ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase

TMVM, 2021, vol.6, No 1(10): 3–10

BLOOD CHEMISTRY IN DOGS WITH SPLENIC HEMANGIOSARCOMA

Tsanko Hristov

ABSTRACT

There were 21 blood chemistry examinations conducted on separate dogs with the average age be-ing 9.6±0.63years with pathohistologically proven hemangiosarcoma of the spleen. The results were compared with a control group of 10 clinically healthy dogs. We confirmed higher values of ASAT, ALAT, AP, bilirubin, hyperproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, urea and creatinine.

In conclusion: hemangiosarcoma of the spleen in dogs is accompanied with data for serious kidney and liver dysfunction.

Key words: dogs, splenic hemangiosarcoma, biochemistry

TMVM, 2021, vol.6, No 1(10): 11–14

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF LIPOMA IN BUDGERIGAR: A CASE STUDY EMPHASIZING ANESTHESIA AND HYPOTHERMIA MANAGEMENT

Monoar Sayeed Pallab, Debashish Sarker, Thomby Paul

ABSTRACT

A 3-year-old male Budgerigar bird, weighing 60 gm was presented to the Teaching Veterinary Hos-pital, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU) with a history of abnormal swell-ing mass on the ventral abdominal region. The swelling mass was soft and fixed with underlying tissues. Radiographic examination revealed a radiopaque mass in the ventral abdomen. There was no visible of intestinal loops within the soft swelling but attached with underlying tissues and slightly extended to coelomic cavity. Histopathology revealed there was an aggregation of large amounts of adipocytes sur-rounded by connective tissues. Based on histopathology, clinical history and physical examination, we confirmed the case as a lipoma. For anesthesia, 5% isoflurane used for induction and xylazine and keta-mine combination for maintenance during surgery. Hypothermia was managed in the bird during anesthe-sia applying heated pad and cotton packs. The surgical excision of the tumour was performed successful-ly, and the bird was smoothly recovered 2 hours of post-anesthesia. There was no evidence of recurrence of the tumor within two months of post-operative observation.

Key words: budgerigar, anesthesia, hypothermia management.

TMVM, 2021, vol.6, No 1(10): 15–20

CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS IN CANINE PATIENTS WITH RENAL INSUFFICIENCY

Iliyan Manev

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present retrospective study was to define the main types of cardiac arrhythmias and their prevalence in dogs with renal insufficiency. The survey included 20 patients at various age, sex and breed with III, IV and V stage of acute or chronic kidney failure. The total prevalence of arrhythmias in the studied canine group was 25% (5/20). Discussion of the possible etiology of the recorded electrocardiographic changes was performed.

Key words: ECG, arrhythmia, canine, renal insufficiency

TMVM, 2021, vol.6, No 1(10): 21–24

SEMINOMA IN DANCING, BROWN, EURASIAN BEAR (URSUS ARCTOS)

Georgi St. Popov

ABSTRACT

In the present research, a pathomorphological study of testicular tumor formation in a dancing, Eurasian, brown bear was performed. There was a significant enlargement of the right testis, which had a pale pink, rough and slightly prominent cut surface with multiple necrotic-degenerative areas and hemorrhages. Microscopic examination revealed a diffuse tumor formation composed mainly of densely arranged, oval neoplastic cells with round nuclei and a small amount of cytoplasm. Notable lymphocyte accumulations were observed around some of the blood vessels. Based on the established morphological finding, the tumor was diagnosed as unilateral, diffuse seminoma.

Key words: neoplasia, testis, bear, seminoma, histopathology.

TMVM, 2021, vol.6, No 1(10): 25–29

STUDY OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN A RADIOGRAPHIC SIZE AND TWO ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC SIZES IN DOGS WITH MYXOMATOUS MITRAL VALVE DEGENERATION

Atanas Pankov

ABSTRACT

In dogs with myxomatous mitral valve degeneration, the correlation between the radiographic left atrial dimension RLAD and two echocardiographic sizes has been examined. The dogs without pulmonary edema showed a low degree of correlation between RLAD and the linearly indexed left atrial size LA/Ao, and a high degree of correlation between RLAD and the linearly indexed diastolic size of the left ventricle LVD-d/Ao. The dogs with pulmonary edema showed no correlation between RLAD and the two echocardiographic sizes.

Key words: dogs, correlation, radiographic, echocardiographic, size.

TMVM, 2021, vol.6, No 1(10): 30–33

HELMINTHOLOGICAL STATUS OF BALKAN CHAMOIS FROM BULGARIAN RHODOPE MOUNTAINS

Kostadin Kanchev

ABSTRACT

A herd of Balkan chamois in different ages and sexes has been studied ante-mortally to clarify their helminth infection status. The origin of animals coming from the territory of Bulgarian Rhodope Mountains and they are caught for reintroduction of the species in Vitosha Nature Park.

Low to medium rate of infections with gastrointestinal and lung nematodes has been established. The species of parasites include representatives of the genera Strongyloides, Trichostrongylus, Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Nematodirus, Protostrongylus and Muellerius.

Key words: helminthоlogical status, Balkan chamois, Rhodope Mountains, gastro-intestinal and lung’s nematodes.

TMVM, 2021, vol.6, No 1(10): 34–39

CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS IN GASTRIC DILATATION-VOLVULUS

Iliyan Manev

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present retrospective study was to analyze the prevalence and types of cardiac arrhythmias in gastric dilatation volvulus. The survey included 14 canine patients at various age, sex and breed. The total prevalence of arrhythmias in the studied canine population was 42.8% (6/14). Arrhythmias are among the predisposing factors which lead to increased mortality in this acute condition. Discussion of the possible etiology of reported electrocardiographic changes was performed.

Key words: ECG, arrhythmia, canine, dilatation, volvulus.

TMVM, 2021, vol.6, No 1(10): 40–43

ACUTE PER ORAL TOXICITY OF TILMICOSIN – SUBSTANCE „BIOVET“ AD IN WHITE RATS (FISCHER – 344)

Metodi Petrichev

ABSTRACT

The acute oral toxicity of Tilmicosin – a substance „Biovet“ in rats, was studied. 42 male white rats, Fischer 344 line, weighing 160–180 g, were treated with 10% aqueous solution of Tilmicosin phosphate Biovet using a gastric tube. For each dose (500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000 and 3500 mg/body weight), 6 were treated once. Rats, which were monitored for 7 days, taking into account the clinical picture of their intoxication and mortality.

Based on the Litchfield-Wilcoxon method used in the test, an average lethal dose of LD50 2200 (2860 ÷ 1692) mg/body weight (p = 0.05) and relatively lethal doses of LD16 = 1142 and LD84 = 3256 mg/body weight were determined, which classify the product as low toxic. The results regarding the acute toxicity of Tilmicosin when administered orally to white rats con-firm the studies conducted with the original Eli Lilly product that Tilmicosin has low toxicity when ad-ministered for oral use – LD50 > 2000 mg / body weight.

Key words: tilmicosin, acute per oral toxicity, rats.

TMVM, 2021, vol.6, No 1(10): 44–48

THE EFFECT OF RAW FOOD UNDERWENT HPP (HIGH PRESSURE PROCESSING) TREATMENT ON HAEMATOLOGY AND SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY IN DOGS

Hristina Neshovska

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of raw food subjected to HPP technology on the haematological and biochemical parameters of the blood. The experiment included 20 clinically healthy pitbull dogs of the same weight and age, divided into three groups, which were studied in dynamics. The obtained results show an increase in Urea, ALB, and TP and a decrease in the values of Chol and ALP. No changes in haematological parameters or other biochemical parameters were detected.

Key words: raw food, dogs, haematology and serum biochemistry, НРР.

TMVM, 2021, vol.6, No 1(10): 49–54

APPLICATION OF PLATELET-RICH PLASMA (PRP) IN CORNEAL LESIONS – A REVIEW

Seven Mustafa, Nikolay Mehandzhiyski

ABSTRACT

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous blood product rich in proteins and growth factors. Its application has been the subject of many studies in the field of veterinary ophthalmology to stimulate tissue healing and regeneration.

Due to its anatomical features (lack of blood vessels), the cornea is among the most susceptible to damage structures of the eye. Therefore, the study of the impact of various regenerative therapies (autologous blood products, serums, stem cells, amniotic and pericardial membranes) on corneal lesions is important not only scientifically, but also practically for veterinarians. Numerous reports described the healing effect of PRP on corneal lesions. The present article is a brief overview of the various methods of application of PRP (eye drops, injections, activated clot form) in ophthalmology and the results obtained.

Key words: PRP, ophthalmology, corneal healing, solid eye platelet-rich plasma, regenerative medicine.

TMVM, 2021, vol.6, No 1(10): 55–64

POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY – THE MOST ADVANCED IMAGING DIAGNOSTIC METHOD IN MEDICINE

Georgi Marinov, Alexandra Bojilova

ABSTRACT

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a state-of-the-art imaging technique that has an extremely high potential for evaluating metabolic processes in the body. The mechanism of action is based on the introduction into the body of a radioactive isotope of glucose (most often 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, 18F-FDG), after which its accumulation in various organs and tissues is measured. Unlike other imaging methods, PET does not provide structural information about the patient’s anatomy, but provides function-al information based on the interaction of the radioisotope at the molecular level in relation to physiological processes. In order to facilitate the localization of areas with increased accumulation of the respective radiotracer, PET is usually combined with computed tomography (CT).

This type of research is most widely used in neoplastic diseases (especially for the detection of metastases), diseases of the thyroid gland, kidneys, and other internal organs. Its use in the field of veterinary medicine is limited due to its high cost, which is why it is an insufficiently studied imaging-diagnostic method, characterized by huge diagnostic potential.

Key words: nuclear tomography, positron, radioisotope, glucose, 18F-FDG.

TMVM, 2021, vol.6, No 1(10): 65–74

HEMANGIOMA IN A MARE – A CASE REPORT

Galina Simeonova, Radostin Simeonov, Ismet Kalkanov

ABSTRACT

Hemangiomas are benign tumors originating from the vascular endothelium, common in humans and dogs, but rarely in other animals. In horses, the neoplasms are usually detect on the skin around head and neck, but there is also evidence for affecting of limbs. The affected horses are usually young, suggesting a possible congenital origin of these tumors. The are no evidence for breed predisposition Histo-pathologically, hemangiomas are characterized by proliferating, vasoforming mesenchymal tissue forming capillary or cavernous vascular structures. Present clinical case describes the clinical, macroscopic and histopathologic features of congenital hemangioma with unusual topographic location of the ovary at mare.

Key words: congenital hemangioma, ovary, mare, clinical case.

TMVM, 2021, vol.6, No 1(10): 75–78

COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY DIAGNOSIS OF URINARY BLADDER TUMOR IN A DOG – A CLINICAL CASE

Konstantin Aminkov

ABSTRACT

Bladder tumors in the dog are the most common tumors of the urinary tract. A large percentage of these tumors are malignant (97%) and of epithelial origin (97%). Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) being by far the most common bladder tumor in dogs (87%).

A CT examination of the last thoracic and lumbar vertebrae was performed on a Cane Corso dog due to to hind limb weakness. The CT scan showed a neoplasm formation in the trigone area of the bladder, with an irregular surface extending circumferentially around the bladder neck and obstructing the ureteral openings, heavily enlarged ureters and hydronephrosis.

Key words: urinary bladder, trigone, tumor, CT, dog.

TMVM, 2021, vol.6, No 1(10): 79–83