vol.8. N 1. 2023
HAEMATOLOGY AND SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY PARAMETERS AS INDICATORS OF THE MOST COMMON CANINE VECTOR BORNE DISEASES IN RN MACEDONIA
Elena Atanaskova Petrov, Todor Novakov, Sara Gjorgjievska, Irena Celeska
ABSTRACT
Canine vector borne diseases (CVBD) are one of the major health issues in Macedonia, with potential fatal outcome. Different pathogenic organisms, transmitted by blood sucking arthropod vectors, cause the diseases. Most commonly present CVBD in Macedonia are: canine ehrlichiosis, heartworm disease, anaplasmosis and leishmaniasis. Infected dogs can present variety of clinical signs, depending of the stage of the disease and the affected organs. The aim of this study was to present most commonly found haematology and serum biochemistry alterations in dogs with CVBDs. For that purpose, we analysed 40 dogs, divided in 4 groups depending of the disease. Haematology and serum biochemistry analyses were analysed for each dog. The results revealed moderate normocytic normochromic anaemia with elevated kidney parameters as well as hypoalbuminemia and hyperglobulinemia in patients with leishmaniasis. Thrombocytopenia was marked haematology parameter for patients with ehrlichiosis, while elevated ALKP was present in dogs with heartworm disease. These laboratory parameters can be used in conjunction with the clinical findings as indicators for further necessary diagnostic tests for CVBD in dogs.
Key words: canine vector borne disease, hematology, serum biochemistry..
TMVM, 2023, vol.8, No 1(14): 3–10
EVALUATION OF THE CRYOTOLERANCE OF SPERMATOZOA IN SOFIA (ELIN-PELIN) SHEEP BREED
Madlena Andreeva, Nikola Metodiev, Rossen Stefanov, Elina Tsvetanova, Albena Alexandrova
ABSTRACT
The Sofia (Elin-Pelin) breed is a local Bulgarian breed with a reduced population and poorly studied possibilities for cryotolerance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cryopreservation on sperm parameters – total motility (TM), velocity parameters and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels. Sperm motility and velocity parameters were examined by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). LPO levels were determined spectrophotometrically. As a result, we found a decrease in sperm TM after thawing from 99.01±0.68% to 71.92±5.12%, which is acceptable for artificial insemination and a slight increase in LPO levels from 0.86±0.23 nmoles MDA/10×106 sp. to 1.44±0.37 nmoles MDA/10×106 sp. after thawing. In conclusion from the conducted studies sperm from the Sofia (Elin-Pelin) breed showed good cryotolerance with a low percentage of damage after thawing, with which we believe that cryopreservation would be a suitable method for breeding and preserving this breed.
Key words: rams, sperm, cryopreservation, CASA, LPO.
TMVM, 2023, vol.8, No 1(14): 11–16
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY IN CANINE CARDIAC DISEASES
Pardeep Sharma, Ashish Palahania
ABSTRACT
In this article, electrography for diagnosis and screening of fifteen dogs for cardiac diseases were done. ECG waveform measurement and interpretation was performed using standard bipolar (Lead I, II & III) and augmented limb leads (aVR, aVL & aVF). The ECG waveform measurements revealed significant (p<0.01)increase in P (sec) and P (mV) in both hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and valvular disease groups indicating atrial enlargement. Arrhythmias observed in cardiac diseases were increased QRS duration, electrical alternans, atrial fibrillation, ST depression, P mitrale, increased QRS amplitude, ventricular premature complexes (VPCs),deep Q wave, atrioventricular (AV) blocks and right bundle branch block (RBBB). Timely performed electrocardiography is helpful in screening and diagnosing canine cardiac diseases and arrhythmias.
Key words: Atrial fibrillation, Arrhythmia, Electrical alternans, Ventricular premature complex.
TMVM, 2023, vol.8, No 1(14): 17–22
HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE DOG’S SPLEEN
Ilian Georgiev, Georgi I. Georgiev, Iliana Ruzhanova-Gospodinova, Lyubomir Hristakiev, Georgi Popov, Vasil Manov
ABSTRACT
The aim of the present research is to study the histological structure of the dog’s spleen concerning the closed type of blood circulation. The spleens of 6 mixed breed dogs, one French Bulldog and one Yorkshire terrier, all with an unfavorable diagnosis and without pathological involvement of the organ were examined. The drugs used in the different protocols of euthanasia varied, and so as their effect on the constriction and relaxation of the venous sinuses located in the dog’s spleen. A conventional histological examination was performed and the closed type of circulation, relaxation, and overflowing of the splenic sinuses with precipitates from erythrocyte masses were observed.
Key words: spleen, dog, histology, sinus lienalis, closed type of circulation.
TMVM, 2023, vol.8, No 1(14): 23–30
COMPARATIVE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC STUDY BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE DOGS WITH MYXOMATOUS MITRAL VALVE DISEASE – STAGE B (B1+B2)
Atanas Pankov
ABSTRACT
Female and male dogs respond differently to cardiac volume overload as a result of stage B (B1+B2) Myxomatous mitral valve disease. The differences are more strongly related to the thickness of the heart walls in systole and diastole and less to the left ventricular internal diameter. They are similar to the differences found between women and men in people with low-grade mitral regurgitation.
Key words: echocardiographic, mitral, sex, dogs.
TMVM, 2023, vol.8, No 1(14): 31–34
PATHOHISTOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN LACАUNE EWES WITH KETOSIS
Vania Marutsova, Radostin Simeonov
ABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to establish the pathohistological and biochemical changes in ewes from the Laucane breed with ketosis. Blood samples were obtained from 106 dairy ewes for determination of β-hydroxybutyrate (ВНВА), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), glucose (Gl), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and total bilirubin (Tb). The ewes were divided in three groups: pregnant, recently lambed and lactating. Target ewes were classified as healthy (C), affected with subclinical ketosis (SCK) and with clinical ketosis (CK) depending on their blood BHBA levels. The quantities of NEFA in sheep with SCK were statistically significantly elevated, while in sheep with CK – decreased. The levels of glucose decreased, while the activities of ASAT, ALAT and Tb levels were increased in ewes with SCK and CK ketosis. Histological examination revealed cellular vacuolation in hepatocytes, karyolysis, karyorrhexis, necrotic changes and high-grade fatty dystrophy of the liver and kidneys in ewes with ketosis.
Key words: ketosis, β-hydroxybutyrate, enzymes, pathohistological changes, ewes
TMVM, 2023, vol.8, No 1(14): 35–45
INFLUENCE OF CATHOLYTE ON SLAUGHTER PARAMETERS IN DUCKS
Stanislav Radanski, Svetlin Ivanov, Toshka Petrova, Andrey Kurtenkov
ABSTRACT
Electro-activated (dissociated) water (EAW) has been growing in popularity in recent years in many countries. It is used as a cleaning agent and disinfectant in the food industry, as well as a disinfectant of river water used as drinking water for animals. Catholyte has a beneficial effect on productivity and some physiological parameters, and is a cheap, safe, non-toxic and effective option for improving the overall production parameters in mammals and birds. In the present study, the effect of catholyte on some carcass parameters in White Pekin duck was examined. Live weight, weight of fresh eviscerated carcass, weight of feathers and blood, head, legs, intestines, gizzard, heart, spleen and liver were measured. The results showed an increase in the carcass weight of the experimental group of ducks, drinking catholyte, compared to the control group – drinking tap water. There was also an increase in the weight of the head, legs, feathers and blood, and all the internal organs of the experimental group of birds, compared to the control group, except for the gizzards. The use of catholyte does not affect significantly the yield of the carcass.
Key words: Electro-activated (dissociated) water, catholyte, slaughter parameters, yield, ducks
TMVM, 2023, vol.8, No 1(14): 46–51
SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF CANINE VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES CAUSED BY ANAPLASMA SPP., BORRELIA BURGDORFERI, EHRLICHIA CANIS AND DIROFILARIA IMMITIS IN DOGS FROM GOVERNADOR ISLAND, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL
Gustavo Luiz Gouvêa de Almeida, Marcelo Barbosa de Almeida, Ana Carolina Mendes dos Santos, Sophie Ballot, Ângela Vargas, Valéria Dantas Diniz de Campos, Thais Rodrigues de Oliveira
ABSTRACT
The study aimed to detect the serological positivity rates and spatial distribution of Anaplasma spp, Borrelia burgdorferi, Dirofilaria immitis, and Ehrlichia spp. among client-owned dogs in Governador Island, Rio de Janeiro, using the in-clinic SNAP® 4Dx® Plus test. Among resident dogs, 48.08% scored positive for one or more of the four pathogens. The specific seroprevalence was highest for Ehrlichia (25.19%), followed by D. immitis (14.5%) and Anaplasma sp. (8.39%), while B. burgdorferi was not detected. Combined infections were detected in almost one-tenth of the positive samples. No sex difference was observed, and infections were more common in dogs aged 3 to 10 years. This study is the first survey of canine vector-borne diseases on the Island. Given the results, client education, treatment of positive cases, and popularization of prophylactic measures are recommended to protect dogs and humans residing in the island region.
Key words: Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi, Canine vector-borne diseases, Dirofilaria immitis, Ehrlichia canis
TMVM, 2023, vol.8, No 1(14): 52–58
DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METAL CONTENT (CD AND PB) IN CITRUS FEED RAW MATERIAL
Hristina Neshovska
ABSTRACT
Heavy metal contamination of the food chain is a severe environmental problem that poses potential risks to human and animal health. In this regard, the safety of feed and feed materials is essential. In the present study, the levels of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in an innovative feed raw material – citrus waste (citrus pulp) by orange (Citrus sinensis), lemon (Citrus limon), red grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), mandarin (Citrus reticulata), lime (Citrus aurantifolia) and pomelo (Citrus maxima) were determined. The analysis was done by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The obtained results were compared with other literature data and with the requirements laid down in European and national legislation. Our results showed at the concentrations of cadmium and lead do not exceed the maximum permissible limits, which makes this citrus pulp safe for use as feed material in terms of Cd and Pb contamination.
Key words: heavy metals, cadmium, lead, citrus waste/citrus pulp, feed.
TMVM, 2023, vol.8, No 1(14): 59–64
AMPLITUDE AND FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VOCALIZATIONS OF CANIDAE FAMILY, GENUS CANIS
Pavlina Hristova, Violeta Alexandrova
ABSTRACT
The present study aims to present and compare the sounds produced by the representatives of the family Canidae, in particular the genus Canis, in terms of their amplitude and frequency characteristics. The results show that the power generated by the vocal apparatus of wolves is the greatest, compared to that of the domestic dog and the jackal, in which they are the lowest, presented in dB. The reflected values for the frequency characteristic of the sound signals in these three representatives of the genus Canis are inversely related – highest in jackals, again average in dogs and lowest in wolves.
Key words: animal sounds, sound communication, soundgrams, Canis aureus, Canis lupus, Canis lupus familiaris.
TMVM, 2023, vol.8, No 1(14): 65–70
SPECIES COMPOSITION AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF HARD TICKS INFESTING GOATS AND SHEEP IN LEBANON
Walid Darwiche, Marie-Lynn Issa, Christo Hilan, Kostadin Kanchev
ABSTRACT
Hard ticks are widely distributed parasites that pose a major threat to both livestock and public health. Minimal studies were done regarding the prevalence of ticks on goats and sheep in Lebanon. The aim of this study was to identify hard tick’s species composition and their geographic distribution on small ruminants. The study took place in all Lebanese governorates. The ticks’ genus, species, sex, and life stage were obtained via morphological identification using a stereomicroscope. A total of four genera and seven species were identified, being Rhipicephalus turanicus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Ixodes ricinus, Haemaphysalis parva, Rhipicephalus bursa, Rhipicephalus annulatus and Hyalomma excavatum. R. turanicus and R. sanguineus were the most abundant tick species, while R. bursa, R. annulatus and H. excavatum were minimally collected. I. ricinus and Hae. parva were identified for the first time on goats and sheep in Lebanon. Extensive research coupled with molecular analysis of the collected ticks is needed for further studies.
Key words: hard ticks, goats, sheep, Lebanon, species composition
TMVM, 2023, vol.8, No 1(14): 71–80
COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF DIFFERENT METHODS FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF PREGNANCY BASED ON DETERMINATION OF PROGESTERONE LEVELS AND PAG IN BUFFALOES OF THE BULGARIAN MURRA BREED
Radena Nenova
ABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to perform a comparative evaluation of the methods for early diagnosis of pregnancy in buffalo cows of the Bulgarian Murrah breed by determining the concentrations of progesterone in serum, the P4 Rapid test in milk and the proteins associated with pregnancy in serum and milk. Blood samples were obtained from 57 buffalo cows, as well as 55 milk samples on the 23rd (progesterone determination in serum and milk) and 28th day (PAG determination in serum and milk) after artificial insemination. We interpreted the results of the rapid P4 test according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Determination of serum concentrations of progesterone was performed with an ELISA analyzer Huma Reader (HUMAN, Germany), with a Progesterone EIA 96 TEST kit (Linear Chemicals, Spain). Pregnancy-specific glycoproteins were determined by the ELISA method using the Alertys Bovine Pregnancy kit for blood and milk. A transrectal ultrasound examination for pregnancy was performed on day 35 after insemination. The obtained results for the parameters characterizing the effectiveness of the methods used were processed by a computer statistical program (Statistica 7, Microsoft Corp. 1984-2000 Inc.) by a non-parametric method of percentage comparison. The highest sensitivity was recorded in the method for determining progesterone in serum, and the lowest in determining PAG in milk. For PAG ELISA tests, 100% specificity was found, while the other two tests had low values of 71.1% and 72.5%). The accuracy of individual methods for early diagnosis of pregnancy is in the range of 80.0% – 98.2%. Rapid P4 tests and serum progesterone distribution can be used to identify non-pregnant animals after insemination. PAG ELISA tests have high efficiency and are preferable to other methods for diagnosing early pregnancy in buffalo cows.
Key words: Pregnancy, Р4 Rapid test, Progesterone, Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins, buffalo.
TMVM, 2023, vol.8, No 1(14): 81–87
EXPERIENCE IN TREATMENT OF CAPTIVE LIONS, COUGARS AND BEARS WITH ASCARID INFECTIONS: A REVIEW
Mariana Panayotova-Pencheva
ABSTRACT
Parasite control in captive animals is often difficult and have a row of specificities. Ascarid infections are among the most common parasitoses in animals, especially for captive ones. The aim of this study was to review the experience in treatment of ascaridoses in lions, cougars and bears. Drugs, dosages and schemes of treatment are presented. Bibliographic reference showed that over the years piperazine, pyrantel pamoate, benzimidazoles and ivermectin were the most used medicines to treat Toxascaris leonina in lions and cougars and Baylissascariasis spp. infections in bears. Based on the summarized data fenbendazole applying in extended schedules or a dosage of 15 mg/kg body weight could be recommended for treatment of ascarid infections in bears, and Ivermectin at a dose of 0.2–0.3 mg/kg body weight twice in four weeks interval could be recommended for treatment of ascarid infections in lions. Combined preparations of drugs from different pharmaceutical groups have also shown high efficiency and can be successfully used in such cases.
Key words: anthelmintics; ascaridosis; bears; Panthera leo; Puma concolor
TMVM, 2023, vol.8, No 1(14): 88–94
MECHANISM OF CORNEAL HEALING AND THE ROLE OF THE GROWTH FACTORS IN THE EYE – A REVIEW
Seven Mustafa, Nadya Zlateva-Panayotova
ABSTRACT
Injury to the cornea results in a cascade of processes that lead to the healing of the wound and restoration of vision, requiring integration of cellular proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, and intercellular communication. Combinations of growth factors and cytokines present in the tear film and cornea of the eye are involved in these processes. The presented article reviews the corneal anatomy and the most common lesions of the cornea in veterinary ophthalmology. It overviews the chemical signal-mediated events and the important role of the growth factors as regulators in healing and repairing the corneal cells and the corneal layers.
Key words: corneal healing, corneal ulcer, growth factors
TMVM, 2023, vol.8, No 1(14): 95–104
