Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome (BLAD): A Systematic Review

Abstract

Bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome (BLAD) is an autosomal recessive hereditary disease in Holstein–Friesian cattle. The extensive use of artificial insemination led to the rapid spread of the condition during the 1990s worldwide. Irrespective of the introduction of genetic testing programs there are still carriers found among breeding animals. Therefore the problem needs to be popularized as rare but economically relevant that should be distinguished from other common causes for calfhood maladies.